In Malaysia's situation, we can regard a liberals as a reformist group, or Pakatan Rakyat, whilst a conservatist organisation is Barisan Nasional. The 'war' in in in between liberalism as good as conservatism in a mid-1800s in Europe saw a fall of a monarchies as good as a presentation of republics. Hence do not blink a 'danger' of liberalism contra conservatism.
THE CORRIDORS OF POWER
Raja Petra Kamarudin
The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred over a 13-day duration from 16-28 Oct 1962. That was 50 years ago. we was still in customary six afterwards as good as many of we were probably not even born yet.
To commemorate a 50th Anniversary of a Cuban Missile Crisis, a Department for Continuing Education of a Oxford University is holding four lectures (details as below). we have sealed up to attend these lectures this week end soMalaysia Todaymay be slightly delayed in a news updating during which period.
we am not going to give we my opinion per a Cuban Missile Crisis, during slightest not until we have attended a lectures this weekend. What we wish to do instead is to speak about a use of bogeymen as good as 'under siege' stratagem as a domestic tool.
When a supervision raises a crisis, this can combine a people. Hence if a sense can be combined which Islam or a Muslims or a Malays have been underneath attack (under siege), this can combine a Malays-Muslims opposite what they perceive as a usual enemy. To do this, though, we need to emanate a bogeyman.
In a Cuban Missile Crisis, a Bogeyman for a Americans was a Communists as good as their heavenly body states such as Cuba.
We contingency remember which only a year earlier, in 1961, America got concerned in a Vietnam War as good as by 1962 America's infantry i! n Vietna m had tripled. This war was supposed to be to stop a march of Communism but it was not good supported as good as many Americans were opposite to this war.
Many Americans were openly opposite to a Vietnam War as good as it even spawned a peace movement, a Hippie culture (make adore not war), Woodstock (with a many 'protest' songs), etc.
Later, a Vietnam War escalated in to an Indo-Chinese War when America began to bomb as good as wage war Cambodia. In 1970, 500 students from a Kent University, Ohio, protested a Cambodian advance ensuing in 4 students being shot dead as good as 9 wounded.
Anyway, in short, Americans did not support America's involvement in foreign conflicts. Martin Luther King, Jr., Muhammad Ali, Jane Fonda, as good as many more, all opposite a Vietnam War. And they were persecuted since of it.
Communism had to be portrayed as an immorality as good as a rivalry of a 'free world'. America was becoming really widely separated as good as important people were being captivated to a means of a anti-war movement. The supervision had to have a people realise which war was necessary to protect a giveaway universe from a immorality of Communism. Hence Communism contingency be seen as 'the enemy'.
Today, of course, Communism is no longer feared. So they need a 'New Communism' as good as this brand brand new hazard to a giveaway universe is Islam, a 'New Communism'. Islam is a brand brand new hazard to a giveaway universe as good as a people contingency combine opposite in advance Islam for a sake of democracy.
That is in a west. In Malaysia a same strategy is used. Islam is a threat, or rather 'radical' Islam, so MCA plays up this emanate to a hilt. Thus we have been seeing a lot of tongue from a Barisan Nasional coalition partners as to a hazard to democracy if Pakatan Rakyat were to come to energy as good as PAS gets to spin Malaysia in to an Islamic State with a Shariah criminal laws of Hudud as a laws of a land. < div> MCA, of course, plays to a Chinese gallery. For a good of a Malay-Muslim audience, DAP is portrayed as an rivalry of Islam with a hidden agenda of turning Malaysia in to a Christian State.
So both a Chinese as good as Malays have been underneath encircle -- a Chinese underneath encircle from an Islamic State as good as a Malays underneath encircle from a Christian State. To a Chinese, a bogeyman is Islam, whilst to a Malays it is Christianity. And to put icing upon a cake, revelations of Christians converting Muslims to Christianity is played up.
If a people can be done to believe which they face an immorality as good as dangerous rivalry they can be done to set aside their domestic differences as good as to combine opposite this usual enemy. Chinese would no longer be MCA Chinese or DAP Chinese as good as Malays no longer Umno Malays or PAS Malays. It would be simply reduced to Malays contra Chinese.
And in such a incident Umno as good as Barisan Nasional would good a most.
The trouble is, Malaysians have large mouths. Since 2008, Malaysians have turn some-more conceited as good as they no longer care about what they say. They will contend what they wish to contend as good as will even chuck dares as good as challenges, which only increases a passion in in in between a races.
Hence a lax speak only goes to assistance have a difference even bigger. The encircle genius becomes worse as good as a concentration becomes 'unite opposite a enemy'. And a rivalry of a Malays is a Chinese (in sold a Christian Chinese) as good as to a Chinese it is a Malays (in sold a in advance Muslims).
Common enemies have been compulsory to be means to combine a people. If there were no usual rivalry or, some-more accurately, a viewed usual enemy, afterwards a people would be widely separated along domestic lines. And in which sort of incident we will see a liberals upon a single side as good as a conservatives upon a other.
! In Malay sia's situation, we can regard a liberals as a reformist group, or Pakatan Rakyat, whilst a conservatist organisation is Barisan Nasional. The 'war' in in in between liberalism as good as conservatism in a mid-1800s in Europe saw a fall of a monarchies as good as a presentation of republics. Hence do not blink a 'danger' of liberalism contra conservatism.
The government, therefore, cannot means for Malaysia to be widely separated in in in between liberalism as good as conservatism. Malaysia contingency be united so which a liberalism contra conservatism waves can be stemmed. And for this to occur Malaysians contingency be widely separated racially as good as religiously.
When each race as good as religious grouping sees itself underneath siege, they would discard domestic ideology as good as unite. And this is why a bogeyman needs to be combined either it is Communism, America, Israel, Russia, Cuba, China, Vietnam, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, in advance Islam, in advance Christianity, Zionism, or whatever.
And this is why Barisan Nasional as good as Umno have been so successful. And they have been successful only since Malaysians have been so trusting as good as nave. Malaysians can be done to feel which they have been underneath encircle as good as which a bogeyman is lurking in a dark waiting to get them.
Maybe this is since when we were kids our parents planted thehantusyndrome in to our minds. Hence we have been means to seehantueverywhere.Bodohnya rakyat Malaysia. Percaya sangat dengan hantu.
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The Cuban Missile Crisis: 1962
Lecture 1: John Kennedy, American Foreign Policy as good as a Cuban Missile Crisis
PROFESSOR MARK WHITE
Department of History, Queen Mary, University of London
Lecture 2: Soviet Communism as! good as a Cuban Revolution in a 1960s
DR GEORGE LAMBIE
Principal Lecturer, Department of Public Policy, De Montfort University
Lecture 3: The Cuban barb crisis: how close to Armageddon?
PROFESSOR LEN SCOTT
Professor in International History as good as Intelligence Studies, Aberystwyth University
Lecture 4: The Cuban barb predicament in cultural memory
RIKKY ROOKSBY
Tutor for OUDCE (Department for Continuing Education)
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