In the
first partof this article, we highlighted 5 problems with the electoral hurl which were not addressed in the report by the Parliamentary Select Committee (PSC) on Electoral Reform.
In this second part, we will prominence 5 additional problems with the electoral roll, all of which regard the highly cryptic area of postal choosing by casting votes between armed forces as good as military personnel.
5. Postal citizens who have been purebred regulating their unchanging ICsArmy personnel, who have been postal voters, have IC addresses commencement with T. Police personnel, who have been postal voters, have IC addressing commencement with R, G as good as I.
If any of these armed forces or military citizens were previously purebred as citizens regulating their municipal IC numbers, their municipal registration entries should be deleted from the electoral roll.
While this process may have taken place for many of these postal voters, the possibility which these citizens crop up twice on the electoral hurl cannot be discounted. This possibility was not investigated by the PSC on Electoral Reform.
The research conducted by Mimos (Malaysian Institute Of Microelectronic Systems) on behalf of the PSC was usually limited to looking for citizens who were purebred underneath the same IC number.
Conducting this research requires vast amounts of computing energy given the name as good as date of bieing innate of any armed forces as good as military postal voter has to be matched with the name as good as date of bieing innate of every singular entrance in the electo! ral hurl (currently numbering some-more than twelve million).
Even researchers, domestic parties as good as politicians who have been meddlesome in investigating the participation of this specific complaint in the electoral hurl would not have the genius as good as know-how to control this analysis.
Table 3 below shows dual examples of armed forces citizens who were additionally purebred as citizens regulating their municipal ICs. The municipal entries were deleted after their inclusion was referred to the Election Commission (EC).
This complaint is not limited to the participation of the single chairman registering underneath his or her own municipal IC as good as his or her army/police IC.
It is additionally probable for the IC of armed forces or military voter to be used by his or her spouse. If this occurs, it would be much harder to acknowledge given it would not be the same name as good as date of bieing innate purebred underneath dual ICs - the single army/police as good as the alternative civilian.
If the associate is purebred twice, the single regulating his or her own IC, as good as once regulating the municipal IC of his or her army/policy spouse, afterwards the same name would crop up twice but carrying to opposite dates of birth.
Of course, the single way to acknowledge this is to check for the mistake in the gender indicated by the IC as good as the gender of the voter as indicated by the EC records.
The screenshot below shows the single such e.g. of the mother who have been purebred as the voter regulating the IC series of the husband. The name of the voter is female as is their gender temperament in the EC records but her IC series ends with an odd series which indicates which the holder of the IC is male.
When! the IC series was inputted in to the MyEG (Malaysian E-Government)
website, the name of the masculine postal citizens appeared.
After the sum of 42 cases were rescued opposite 5 parliament seats in Negeri Sembilan (Seremban, Rasah, Telok Kemang, Rembau as good as Tampin) in Q2 (Quarter 2) of 2011, the EC was obliged to undo these names.
This was the very time-consuming task given the municipal IC addresses of the postal citizens in subject had to be 'tracked down' regulating alternative databases (since they have been not given in the
EC website). In this particular instance, the MyEG database was used given NRD (National Registration Department) no longer allows open access to their website to check for the effect of ICs.
If one's mother could be authorised to register regulating the husband's IC which has the opposite name, the single wonders if an additional chairman could register regulating any police/army postal voter's municipal IC address?
Again, this possibility was not addressed in the PSC report. There have been right away some-more than 200,000 armed forces as good as military postal voters. To safeguard which their municipal ICs have been not being used by alternative people, the consummate review needs to be conducted regulating the municipal IC numbers of these army/police postal voters.
6. Spouses of military who have been purebred as postal votersAccording to section 2 of Elections! (Regist allotment of Electors) Regulations 2002, spouses who qualifies to be purebred as postal citizens have been as follows:
- Spouse of the portion member of unchanging naval, military or air force of Malaysia, the Commonwealth or alternative country;
- Spouse of the chairman in the open use of ! the Mala ysian supervision or any state/local management or statutory body who is living with the portion associate outward the boundaries of Peninsular Malaysia or Sabah or Sarawak;
- Spouse of the chairman engaging in full-time studies during any university, precision college or any aloft tutorial establishment outward the boundaries of Peninsular Malaysia or Sabah or Sarawak as good as who is living with the tyro during the time for duplicate for registration as the parliamentary or state elector.
The associate of the member of the military force is not eligible to be purebred as postal voters.
But in the research of the postal citizens in the June 2011, we found there were over 4,000 spouses of military citizens who were purebred as postal voters. Table 4 below shows the representation of spouses of military citizens who have been additionally purebred as postal voters.
7. Spouses of army/police citizens who have been of the same genderIn this category, spouses of army/police who have been of the same gender - i.e. same sex marriages - were identified.
For example, in the Setiawangsa June 2011 electoral roll, Harisah binti Ab Ghani (IC: 770130035668) was listed being tied together to Zaini binti Hamzah (IC: T1110543).
When Zaini binti Hamzah's IC was searched in the EC website, it was found which she had right away become Zain garbage bin Hamzah/Lelaki as good as had been shifted to the Ketereh parliamentary subdivision in Kelantan.
In the many recent check, Zain was switched behind to Zaini binti Hamzah. Both Zaini as good as Harisah's stream choosing by casting votes subdivision is different as both have been listed as being 'processed' in the EC website.
8. Army as good as military citizens who have been on top of the retirement age
According to the army's website, the retirement age for armed forces crew is 55 (maximum). For certain grades, it is lower than 55. For alternative civil servants, the mandatory retirement age is 58.
A limited poke of the June 2011 electoral hurl revealed over 44 names of military postal citizens who were on top of the age of 58.
For example, Wan Rasidy garbage bin Roni (IC: RF151304), innate on November 19, 1900, which creates him 112 this year, is purebred in Balai Polis Lumut in the Lumut parliamentary constituency.
9. New armed forces as good as military postal citizens who have been on top of the recruitment ageThe limit entrance age for armed forces recruits is not some-more than thirty years of age.
However, an review in to the citizens who were cut from the electoral hurl in Q3 2011 given they had assimilated the armed forces showed some-more than 200 recruits who were some-more the limit age of 30.
Of equal or perhaps larger regard is which these over-aged recruits,! who alt ered their place of choosing by casting votes in the 3Q of 2011, were afterwards changed to an additional subdivision in 4Q 2011.
For example, Abu Talib garbage bin Ahmad (IC: 690625086571), aged 42, was taken out of the 3Q 2011 electoral hurl given he had assimilated the army. He was creatively purebred in the parliamentary district of Kuala Kangsar in Perak as the unchanging voter with the municipal IC address.
According to the 4Q 2011 supplementary electoral roll, this voter, who was afterwards purebred in the parliamentary subdivision of Jeli in Kelantan, was afterwards eliminated to the parliamentary subdivision of Ketereh as the postal vote! r.
In alternative words, in the space of 6 months, this voter, who was not usually over thirty years of age, had additionally gifted dual changes in his choosing by casting votes subdivision from Kuala Kangsar to Jeli as good as from Jeli to Ketereh.
Abu Talib garbage bin Ahamd, aged 42, was purebred as the new armed forces postal voter in 3Q 2011.
Examples such as these raise the possibility which over-aged citizens have been illegally 'recruited' as armed forces postal citizens as good as afterwards fast eliminated from the single electoral subdivision to an additional in unbroken buliding in order to 'mask' the origin of these suspicious armed forces recruits.
In the Q4 2011 data, the EC no longer gave sum of why citizens were deleted from the electoral roll, which meant which citizens who assimilated the armed forces as good as military could no longer be detected. One wonders why EC altered the make up of the interpretation released by quarter from 3Q 2011 to 4Q 2011.
How much difference will these 'problematic' citizens make?
At the end of the day, the single should ask the subject of how many 'problematic' citizens have been in the electoral roll. ! The simp le answer is which we unequivocally do not know.
The cases highlighted underneath these 10 categories series we estimate 100,000. But even inside of these categories, an downright research has not been conducted given of time as good as manpower limitations.
These problems could potentially be the tip of the iceberg. They do not embody addresses with the vast series of purebred voters. They do not embody the 42,000 citizens whose IC numbers could not be found in the NRD database.
They do not embody alternative categories such as the insertion as good as removal of purebred citizens who do not crop up in any of the quarterly electoral hurl updates. They do not embody alternative categories of probable electoral strategy which have not nonetheless been analysed or investigated such as the registration of citizens in self-existent addresses.
The inclusion of these categories could simply enlarge the series of cryptic citizens to 400,000 names or we estimate 1,800 votes widely separated over 222 parliamentary constituencies.
Considering which 35 seats out of 222 were won or lost by less than 2,000 votes, these cryptic citizens can potentially affect the balance of energy in the subsequent ubiquitous election.
History repeats itself?If the single does not consider which the participation of these cryptic citizens is not sufficient to pitch the overall choosing results, we indicate to dual past precedents where sudden increases in the series of! citizens in the electoral hurl in states which were lost by BN which probably helped win the BN win behind these states.
The dual states have been Sabah after the 1990 elections as good as Terengganu after the 1999 elections. We see the same pattern being repeated in the state of Selangor heading up to the 13th ubiquitous election.
!
The series of citizens in Sabah increasing by 17.6% from 1990 to 1995 compared to the inhabitant normal of 13.0%. This was just after PBS left the BN coalition prior to the 1990 Sabah state elections. PBS controlled the Sabah state supervision from 1990 to 1994.
In the state of Terengganu, the series of citizens increasing by the whopping 17.7% from 1999 to 2004 compared to the inhabitant normal of 7.3%. Again, it is noteworthy which the state of Terengganu had depressed to the antithesis during the 1999 ubiquitous elections.
In 1999, the antithesis won twenty-eight out of 32 state seats as good as all eight parliamentary seats. In 2004, after this vast enlarge in the series of voters, the antithesis won usually the single parliamentary as good as 4 state seats, an roughly sum reverse of the 1999 ubiquitous choosing results.
In Selangor, according to the Q4 2011 electoral roll, the series of citizens has increasing by over 340,000 to some-more than 1.9 million citizens given the 2008 ubiquitous election. This represents an enlarge of 21.8% compared to the inhabitant normal of 16.3%.
Some of these increases have occurred in areas which limited increases in the series of new housing estates as good as race inflows.
For example, the seat of Hulu Selangor, the marginal parliamentary seat, saw an enlarge of some-more than 17,000 voters, or 27.1%, from the 2008 ubiquitous choosing to the Q4 2011 electoral roll.
Finally, for those who use the actuality which the antithesis managed to win the historic series of parliamentary seats as good as control of 5 state governments in the 2008 ubiquitous choosing to say which the electoral hurl is relatively purify as good as accurate, the single could simply respond by saying which the antithesis could have won even some-more seats if the electoral hurl did not embody these cryptic voters.
The upcoming 13th ubiquitous choosing is approaching to be the single of the many closely contested electoral battles in the nation's history. This increases the importance of carrying the relatively purify as good as pure electoral hurl to safeguard which the formula have been the satisfactory representation of the will of the electorate.
Without the strong joining by the authorities, together with the PSC on electoral reform, EC, NRD as good as the supervision of the day to firstly identify as good as afterwards residence these problems, the correctness of the electoral hurl cannot be ascertained with any grade of confidence.
Part 1:10 problems in EC's electoral roll
ONG KIAN MING holds the PhD in domestic science from Duke University. He is right away the techer during UCSI University. He can be reached during im.ok.man@gmail.com.
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