Maszlee Malik, The Malay Mail
In embracing the suggestion of the categorical beliefs of Islam, the transformation of whistleblowing as the perceptible ofislahandamr ma'ruf nahy munkarhas been prejudiced of the syariah imperatives, as good as the vicious basic of the Islamic made at home note since the days of Prophet Muhammad.
There were large incidents during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad where the have make use of of of whistleblowing was sanctioned.
Among them is the auspicious gathering as reported by the singular of his companions, Jabir garbage bin Abdullah, who listened the seer say: "Discussions have been trusted (not subject to disclosure) except in three areas: "Shedding wrong blood, wrong cohabitation as good as wrong accumulation of wealth." (Narrated by Abu Dawud)
In another hadith, Zaid garbage bin Khalid reported that Prophet Muhammad said: "Shall we not discuss it we who is the many appropriate of witnesses? The the singular who brings his sworn matter before being asked to do so, or tells his sworn matter when he is asked for it." (Narrated by Malik).
It is evident from this gathering that the seer was enlivening hisummahto blow the warning voluntarily, as the dignified claim towards the maslahah, (public seductiveness as good as benefits of the exquisite society).
If we demeanour during it from the point of perspective ofamru bil maaruf(enjoin! ing goodness) as good as wal nahy an almunkar(forbidding wrongdoing) or from the perspective ! ofsh ahada(witness attestation), that is imperative on Muslims, then! warning floating is the "duty" since the role of whistleblowing is the same as that of ! 'enjoini ng firmness as good as ominous wrongdoing'.
The respectful as good as made at home administration department dialect dialect dialect dialect of Prophet Muhammad (who as celebrity of the city state of Medina, was the showcase of competency, weight as good as transparency. These were likewise practical to the administration department dialect dialect dialect dialect of government income as good as expenditure in the provinces.
The oft-mentioned situation involving Ibn Lutaybiyah demonstrates this element succinctly. Functioning as anamil(tax collector), he returned to Medina installed with taxation revenues, as good as asserted that the petrify portion of the income was since to him as tokens from sure people.
The seer reminded him by saying: "What is wrong with the male whom we allocated as the taxation gourmet as good as he said this is for we as good as that was since to me? If he stayed in his parent's house, would something be since to him?" (Narrated by al-Bukhari)
On another occasion, the seer was quoted as all the time reminding his companions by saying: "Whomsoever we designate over an affair, we shall give! him prov! ision. What he takes after that is crack of trust." (Narrated by Abu Daud)
The 4 rightly-guided caliphs, the successors of Prophet Muhammad one after another the benchmarks of competency, weight as good as distinctness in their administration department dialect dialect dialect dialect of the state.
Abu Bak r, the primary caliph after the prophet, stressed the stress of weight as good as the poise of people with aut! hority i n the village in his unequivocally primary discuss to the Muslim village after being inaugurated as the caliph, saying: "Cooperate with me when we am right, yet repremand me when we commit error; obey me so enlarged as we follow the commandments of Allah as good as His Pro! phet; th ough spin divided from me when we deviate." (Narrated by al-Hindi as good as Ibn Kathir).
His alternative companions often held him to account for his decisions as good as administration department dialect dialect dialect dialect of the state.
This was in addition the position of Omar al-Khattab when he was inaugurated to achieve Abu Bakr. In his lass discuss after being allocated as caliph, Omar stressed the need for weight in his administration, as good as the rights of each empowered citizen.
It was reported that while Omar was once delivering the Friday sermon, an ordinary chairman rose as good as interrupted, saying: "O the celebrity of the believers, we won't attend to your oration until we demand how we came up with your enlarged dress (the Arabian robe)."
Apparently, there was the small placement of fabric to the people as good as since the magnitude of placement as good as the tallness of Omar; he could not have done the s! kirt out ! of his share. So, the observant voice of egalitarianism unhesitatingly challenged Omar, the celebrity of the immeasurable caliphate.
Omar's son stood up as good as explained that he gave his share to his father, so that the dress could be done to! fit Oma r. The observant voice then voiced his defeat as good as sat down, as good as Omar resumed his oration (Ibn Qutaybah, 2002: 1/55).
Accountability of open administrators
Omar's policy on weight was not singular to the obsolete style of! written complaints as good as defamation from the public. As for the open offices, he determined the specific business to bargain with the weight of the open administrators.
The business was designed for the review of complaints conflicting officers of the state that reached the caliph. When it was primary established, Om! ar alloc ated Muhammad ibn Maslamah to take the responsibility of this ombudsman-like department.
In critical cases, Omar would trust Muhammad to ensue to the location, inspect the assign as good as take action. Sometimes an scrutiny elect was constituted to inspect the charge. Whenever the officers raised complaints conflicting Muhammad, they were summoned to Madinah, as good as the box was listened by Caliph Omar himself.
The caliph in addition liberated governors when the people complained conflicting them. Among those liberated was the companion of Prophet Muhammad (Saad Ibnu Abi Waqqas. In the aft! er provis! o of Muslim history, the specially-designed business good well known as Diwan al-Mazalim was determined to lift put this task, that now can be counsel the model account of the ? la mode ombudsman.
O nce, while delivering the sermon, Omar said: "My rights over open supports (the Baitul Mal) have been identical to those of the guardians of an orphan. If good placed in life, we will not insist anything from it. In box of need, we shall draw customarily as many as it is constitutionally authorised for on condition that food.
There were large incidents during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad where the have make use of of of whistleblowing was sanctioned.
Among them is the auspicious gathering as reported by the singular of his companions, Jabir garbage bin Abdullah, who listened the seer say: "Discussions have been trusted (not subject to disclosure) except in three areas: "Shedding wrong blood, wrong cohabitation as good as wrong accumulation of wealth." (Narrated by Abu Dawud)In another hadith, Zaid garbage bin Khalid reported that Prophet Muhammad said: "Shall we not discuss it we who is the many appropriate of witnesses? The the singular who brings his sworn matter before being asked to do so, or tells his sworn matter when he is asked for it." (Narrated by Malik).
It is evident from this gathering that the seer was enlivening hisummahto blow the warning voluntarily, as the dignified claim towards the maslahah, (public seductiveness as good as benefits of the exquisite society).
If we demeanour during it from the point of perspective ofamru bil maaruf(enjoin! ing goodness) as good as wal nahy an almunkar(forbidding wrongdoing) or from the perspective ! ofsh ahada(witness attestation), that is imperative on Muslims, then! warning floating is the "duty" since the role of whistleblowing is the same as that of ! 'enjoini ng firmness as good as ominous wrongdoing'.
The respectful as good as made at home administration department dialect dialect dialect dialect of Prophet Muhammad (who as celebrity of the city state of Medina, was the showcase of competency, weight as good as transparency. These were likewise practical to the administration department dialect dialect dialect dialect of government income as good as expenditure in the provinces.
The oft-mentioned situation involving Ibn Lutaybiyah demonstrates this element succinctly. Functioning as anamil(tax collector), he returned to Medina installed with taxation revenues, as good as asserted that the petrify portion of the income was since to him as tokens from sure people.The seer reminded him by saying: "What is wrong with the male whom we allocated as the taxation gourmet as good as he said this is for we as good as that was since to me? If he stayed in his parent's house, would something be since to him?" (Narrated by al-Bukhari)
On another occasion, the seer was quoted as all the time reminding his companions by saying: "Whomsoever we designate over an affair, we shall give! him prov! ision. What he takes after that is crack of trust." (Narrated by Abu Daud)
The 4 rightly-guided caliphs, the successors of Prophet Muhammad one after another the benchmarks of competency, weight as good as distinctness in their administration department dialect dialect dialect dialect of the state.
Abu Bak r, the primary caliph after the prophet, stressed the stress of weight as good as the poise of people with aut! hority i n the village in his unequivocally primary discuss to the Muslim village after being inaugurated as the caliph, saying: "Cooperate with me when we am right, yet repremand me when we commit error; obey me so enlarged as we follow the commandments of Allah as good as His Pro! phet; th ough spin divided from me when we deviate." (Narrated by al-Hindi as good as Ibn Kathir).
His alternative companions often held him to account for his decisions as good as administration department dialect dialect dialect dialect of the state.
This was in addition the position of Omar al-Khattab when he was inaugurated to achieve Abu Bakr. In his lass discuss after being allocated as caliph, Omar stressed the need for weight in his administration, as good as the rights of each empowered citizen.It was reported that while Omar was once delivering the Friday sermon, an ordinary chairman rose as good as interrupted, saying: "O the celebrity of the believers, we won't attend to your oration until we demand how we came up with your enlarged dress (the Arabian robe)."
Apparently, there was the small placement of fabric to the people as good as since the magnitude of placement as good as the tallness of Omar; he could not have done the s! kirt out ! of his share. So, the observant voice of egalitarianism unhesitatingly challenged Omar, the celebrity of the immeasurable caliphate.
Omar's son stood up as good as explained that he gave his share to his father, so that the dress could be done to! fit Oma r. The observant voice then voiced his defeat as good as sat down, as good as Omar resumed his oration (Ibn Qutaybah, 2002: 1/55).
Accountability of open administrators
Omar's policy on weight was not singular to the obsolete style of! written complaints as good as defamation from the public. As for the open offices, he determined the specific business to bargain with the weight of the open administrators.
The business was designed for the review of complaints conflicting officers of the state that reached the caliph. When it was primary established, Om! ar alloc ated Muhammad ibn Maslamah to take the responsibility of this ombudsman-like department.
In critical cases, Omar would trust Muhammad to ensue to the location, inspect the assign as good as take action. Sometimes an scrutiny elect was constituted to inspect the charge. Whenever the officers raised complaints conflicting Muhammad, they were summoned to Madinah, as good as the box was listened by Caliph Omar himself.The caliph in addition liberated governors when the people complained conflicting them. Among those liberated was the companion of Prophet Muhammad (Saad Ibnu Abi Waqqas. In the aft! er provis! o of Muslim history, the specially-designed business good well known as Diwan al-Mazalim was determined to lift put this task, that now can be counsel the model account of the ? la mode ombudsman.
O nce, while delivering the sermon, Omar said: "My rights over open supports (the Baitul Mal) have been identical to those of the guardians of an orphan. If good placed in life, we will not insist anything from it. In box of need, we shall draw customarily as many as it is constitutionally authorised for on condition that food.
"You have each right to subject me about any crude accumulation of the income! as good as annuity collections, crude utilisation of the book money, sustenance of the each day bread to all, border-security arrangements as good as nuisance caused to any citizen."He was accessible by historians to have released certificates, witnessed by the group of elders, to all duly allocated governors stipulating that the administrator should not float an costly h! orse, ea t white bread, wear any fine fine cloth or forestall the people's needs (from being satisfied).
This is customarily the singular e.g. of Omar showcasing the practise of distinctness where the ruler, as good as the state officers, should have zero to hide from the open as good as have been open to investigation of their have make use of of of open funds.
Another e.g. of weight as good as open airing of grievances practised during the period of the rightly-guided caliphs can be found in the critical letter written by the fourth caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib, to the administrator of Egypt, Malik al-Ashtar, as accessible in the gathering of Ali's letters as good as sermons, 'Nahjul Balaghah'.
In his letter of reference to the governor, Ali asserts: "Out of your hours of work, repair the time for the complainants as good as for those who want to ensue we with their grievances. During this time, we should do no alternative work yet attend to them as good as compensate attention to their complaints as good as grievances.
'Let them verbalise! unreservedly'
"For this purpose, we contingency hope for open assembly for them; during this audience, for the consequence of Allah, yield them with kindness, amenity as good as respect. Do not let your armed forces as good as military be in the assembly hall during such times so that those who have grievances conflicting your regime competence verbalise to we freely, unreservedly as good as but fear."
All of these examples spell out the stress as good as vicious role of whistleblowing as another facet of ensuring competency, weight! as good as distinctness in support probity as good as good governance.
Whistleblowing has continually been an integral member of the Islamic made at home culture, strongly rooted in the ontological approval since the unequivocally beginning.
Furthermore, Muslim scholars, both the past as good as present, have been unequivocally prolific in their writings on topics related to weight as good as the have make use of of ofmazalimandhisbah(public inquiry).
A mong the many critical was 'al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyyah', the magnum low-pitched combination of al-Mawardi (al-Mawardi, 1995), in that he dealt with both the topics ofmazalimandhisbahextensively. Another model scholar, Ibn Taimiyah, in addition authored the book patrician 'Hisbah', in that he discussed hisbah as the impending responsibility of each Muslim particular as good as in addition as an claim on Muslim rulers (Ibn Taimiyah, 1985).
Al-Ghazali, in the same token, dealt with the begin of weight of the lady monarch as good as his officers in his celebrated 'Nasehat al-Mulk', that was his letter of reference to the son of the sultan during his time. However, it was the renowned vizier as good as scholar, Nizamul Muluk, who smartly deliberated these topics in the unequivocally normative meaning in his resplendent treatise, 'Siyasat Nameh'.
These deductive analogies, formed on sound fact from accurate monk texts, spell out the nobleness as good as righteousness of genuine acts of whistleblowing to enthuse as good as promote competency, weight as good as distinctness in the societies.
Even yet there is no approach anxiety to difficult day whistleblowing per se, the beliefs it embraces implies that whistleblowing is prejudiced as good as parcel of the extensive scheme of good governance to learn the top idea of Islamic nicely in order to guarantee probity with firmness as grea! t as forgiveness wit! hin the parameters of maqasid al-syariah.
Moreover, the have make use of ! of of wh istleblowing is in addition counsel an transformation of worship. According to Yusuf Al-Qaradawy, "whenever the Muslim follows up good intentions with the slight action, his transformation becomes an transformation of worship."
Ulama should behind whistleblowers
The augmenting acts of genuine whistleblowing, that we declare today, meant that all is not good with the state of honesty as good as firmness of the made at home governance.
Furthermore, Muslim scholars, both the past as good as present, have been unequivocally prolific in their writings on topics related to weight as good as the have make use of of ofmazalimandhisbah(public inquiry).
A mong the many critical was 'al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyyah', the magnum low-pitched combination of al-Mawardi (al-Mawardi, 1995), in that he dealt with both the topics ofmazalimandhisbahextensively. Another model scholar, Ibn Taimiyah, in addition authored the book patrician 'Hisbah', in that he discussed hisbah as the impending responsibility of each Muslim particular as good as in addition as an claim on Muslim rulers (Ibn Taimiyah, 1985).
Al-Ghazali, in the same token, dealt with the begin of weight of the lady monarch as good as his officers in his celebrated 'Nasehat al-Mulk', that was his letter of reference to the son of the sultan during his time. However, it was the renowned vizier as good as scholar, Nizamul Muluk, who smartly deliberated these topics in the unequivocally normative meaning in his resplendent treatise, 'Siyasat Nameh'.
These deductive analogies, formed on sound fact from accurate monk texts, spell out the nobleness as good as righteousness of genuine acts of whistleblowing to enthuse as good as promote competency, weight as good as distinctness in the societies.
Even yet there is no approach anxiety to difficult day whistleblowing per se, the beliefs it embraces implies that whistleblowing is prejudiced as good as parcel of the extensive scheme of good governance to learn the top idea of Islamic nicely in order to guarantee probity with firmness as grea! t as forgiveness wit! hin the parameters of maqasid al-syariah.
Moreover, the have make use of ! of of wh istleblowing is in addition counsel an transformation of worship. According to Yusuf Al-Qaradawy, "whenever the Muslim follows up good intentions with the slight action, his transformation becomes an transformation of worship."
Ulama should behind whistleblowers
The augmenting acts of genuine whistleblowing, that we declare today, meant that all is not good with the state of honesty as good as firmness of the made at home governance.
The bold acts of the couple of who have sto! od up op posite the investiture to display the wrongdoings of people in open business as good as the sum abuse of open supports have been model acts of piety in the pursuit of good governance to achieve the gratification of society.
Regrettably, this venerable equates to is being led by the politician as good as non-scholars instead of an 'apolitical' or non-partisan entity or individuals. Civil society, giveaway from the clutches of unfair politics, should ideally be heading this whistleblowing initiative.
We would dauntless addition that Islamic-based organisations as good as Muslim scholars, since of their ontological awareness, ought to be spearheading this citizen's watchdog commencement to ensure as good as strengthen conflicting rubbish as good as detriment of open supports as good as abuses of open office.
However, disappointingly, many of the Islamic scholars (ulama), whom we had expected to be during the forefront of such righteous efforts in the area of respectful as good as made at home governance, have been pensive with 'red herring' issues that in many cases customarily suggest to polarise serve the multi-racial as good as multi-religious make-up of Malaysian society.
The disaster of the ulama to spearhead such an commencement would send the wrong signal to the lay Muslims, as good as remonstrate them that whistleblowing is visitor to the corpus of Islamic belief.
We idea that this renowned as good as satisfactory try will pi! erce the code brand brand new chapter as good as in essence, the code brand brand new idea in the unconstrained episodes of the onslaught to defend democracy as good as good governance in the dear country, Malaysia. As the consequence, we idea these efforts will develop the some-more competent, under obligation as good as pristine made at home governance.
Undoubt! edly, th ere have been whistleblowing actions taken by the good adults in the past. The stream bid takes the whistleblowing commencement to the higher spin of open engagement.
Regrettably, this venerable equates to is being led by the politician as good as non-scholars instead of an 'apolitical' or non-partisan entity or individuals. Civil society, giveaway from the clutches of unfair politics, should ideally be heading this whistleblowing initiative.
We would dauntless addition that Islamic-based organisations as good as Muslim scholars, since of their ontological awareness, ought to be spearheading this citizen's watchdog commencement to ensure as good as strengthen conflicting rubbish as good as detriment of open supports as good as abuses of open office.
However, disappointingly, many of the Islamic scholars (ulama), whom we had expected to be during the forefront of such righteous efforts in the area of respectful as good as made at home governance, have been pensive with 'red herring' issues that in many cases customarily suggest to polarise serve the multi-racial as good as multi-religious make-up of Malaysian society.
The disaster of the ulama to spearhead such an commencement would send the wrong signal to the lay Muslims, as good as remonstrate them that whistleblowing is visitor to the corpus of Islamic belief.
We idea that this renowned as good as satisfactory try will pi! erce the code brand brand new chapter as good as in essence, the code brand brand new idea in the unconstrained episodes of the onslaught to defend democracy as good as good governance in the dear country, Malaysia. As the consequence, we idea these efforts will develop the some-more competent, under obligation as good as pristine made at home governance.
Undoubt! edly, th ere have been whistleblowing actions taken by the good adults in the past. The stream bid takes the whistleblowing commencement to the higher spin of open engagement.
The 'National Oversight as good as Whistleblowers Centre' is the unequivocally commendable bid t! o galvan ize as good as have determined this endeavour, thus origination whistleblowing some-more structured, guided as good as professional.
We unequivocally as good as unreservedly urge all civic-minded adults of Malaysia, regardless of race, sacrament as good as made at home affiliations, to await this glorious whistleblowing initiative. Above all, we strongly enthuse the Muslim community, monk scholars (ulama) as good as Islamic organisations to acquire this respectful crowd commencement in the common quest of attaining competency, accountability, transparency, good governance as good as adult well-being.
We strongly hold that all these qualities have been indisputably syariah imperatives as good as categorical pillars of the Islamic made at home norms that all Muslims should make an effort to achieve.
We unequivocally as good as unreservedly urge all civic-minded adults of Malaysia, regardless of race, sacrament as good as made at home affiliations, to await this glorious whistleblowing initiative. Above all, we strongly enthuse the Muslim community, monk scholars (ulama) as good as Islamic organisations to acquire this respectful crowd commencement in the common quest of attaining competency, accountability, transparency, good governance as good as adult well-being.
We strongly hold that all these qualities have been indisputably syariah imperatives as good as categorical pillars of the Islamic made at home norms that all Muslims should make an effort to achieve.
MASZLEE MALIK is with International Islamic University Malaysia, while MUSA MOHD NORDIN is with the Muslim Professionals Forum (MPF).
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