55th MERDEKA Can UMNO's explain which they fought for a country's autonomy mount a test of time? The veracity of this explain is right away shrouded with doubt. A book inBahasa(Malay language), entitled Anak Merdeka, written by Haji Salleh Majid as well as published in 1991, exposed a fallacy of this claim.
The author was no politician though an ordinary man who lived to declare a domestic growth of this nation elaborating from a 1940s to a day of Merdeka.
Early attempts to benefit independence
Early attempts to achieve autonomy were often unrecorded. For example, in a early 1940s as well as prior to a Japanese occupation of Malaya, Ishak Haji Mohammed (commonly known as Pak Sako), together with an Indonesian delegation, surreptitiously went to Japan soliciting Japanese assistance to fight for a autonomy of their respective countries. This was followed by Soekarno meeting Dr Burhanuddin Al-Helmy (right) to devise strategies for both countries' independence. Though both attempts unsuccessful for various reasons, a seeds of autonomy had been sowed prolonged prior to a life of UMNO.
Ishak Haji Mohamad's secret trip to Japan was risky business, mouth-watering prosecution for treason, punishable by death, though such was a dexterity of this pristine nationalist. Though he was in a colonial civil use during which time, his patriotism as well as love for a nation was never sacrificed to a colonial masters he served. In actuality it was while in Japan which a name Sako was begotten. The Japanese found it difficult to spell as we! ll as cl arify his name Ishak, so they called him Isako. Later it became his coop name, Pak Sako.
Indonesia's independence
The autonomy of Indonesia upon 17 Aug 1945 triggered glow in a hearts of Malays of Indonesian descent. After all, Indonesia was a "motherland", separated usually by a narrow Straits of Malacca. Both were Malay lands; as well as if a single could benefit independence, why not a other? Furthermore, an eccentric Indonesia could yield moral as well as material assistance to Malays in a onslaught for independence. Thus, started a emergence of Merdeka.
Formation of PKMM
It was not until early 1946 which Malaya's initial eccentric transformation was formed. It was a domestic celebration called Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya (PKMM). Its owner members were Malays of Indonesian descent, important among them were Ahmad Boestamam as well as Musa Ahmad. The celebration published a initial journal called Suara Rakayt during Hale Street, Ipoh. The contents were a single hundred per cent political. In no time, PKMM non-stop branches all over a nation with a domicile during 2 Batu Road (now Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman) Kuala Lumpur. It did not take prolonged for Pak Sako as well as Dr Burhanuddin Al-Helmy to join a party.
"Merdeka!" was a nod of celebration members whenever they met. It was said in a spirited voice with clenched fist brought to a chest. Anytime as well as anywhere they met, a nod was "Merdeka!"
Formation of UMNO
The United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) was shaped in Jun 1946, 6 months after a arrangement of PKMM. It was established with a solitary design of hostile a due Malayan Union which relegated a powers of a Malayan Rulers to a Brit! ish Resi dents. UMNO was not an autonomy movement. In fact, it vehemently against autonomy as a leaders were often colonial civil servants who had sole their lives as well as essence to their colonial masters. Not usually was UMNO against to independence, a word "Merdeka"was criminialized to them. UMNO's nod was "hidup Melayu!"
The other reason UMNO against autonomy was which a Malays were poor as well as uneducated; left to themselves, Malaya would be a unsuccessful state.
The PKMM, upon a other hand, thought otherwise. The celebration wanted autonomy first; afterwards there would be plenty event to educate a Malays as a nation was abounding in natural resources, as well as it would not be a unsuccessful state. These hostile positions divided a dual parties as well as led to enmity.
PKMM as well as a work movement
Enhanced by a committed leaders, a PKMM was a symbol of solidarity. The suggestion inside of celebration members raged similar to wildfire. Branches as well as bureaus were established. Apart from a girl as well as women's wings, labour, agriculture as well as eremite bureaus were established. The work business was a many active as well as many successful domestic agitator. Through it, a PKMM penetrated a Malayan work movement, which was really manageable to a former's presence as a living conditions of a labourers during which time were deplorable. In fact, a presence of a PKMM was welcomed as well as prolonged awaited.
Incidentally, a Malayan work transformation had dependent itself with a universe work movement, a World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), whose domicile was in Paris, as well as not with a American-controlled International Labour Organisation (ILO), whose domicile was in New York. The WFTU was revolutionary inclined, as well as with a Malayan work transformation dependent to it, a PKMM's invasion in to a transformation heightened British guess of a party.
Org! anised s trikes
Between 1946-1948, a work transformation was so active (except in Kelantan, Terengganu as well as Kedah) which intermitternt strikes roughly crippled a rubber as well as tin industries. The pier workers of Singapore too joined in a strikes, crippling Malaya's vital port.
As expected, a British user process of order as well as order was immediately put in to action. While pretending to admit a labourers' plight, a PKMM was spoken illegal as well as a leaders incarcerated.
The organized strikes did not palliate with a banning of a PKMM. Day by day, British economic interests were in jeopardy. The rubber as well as tin industries, a buttress of a British economy, faced approaching paralysis. By this time a colonial supervision had sent a shrill as well as transparent message to Whitehall. By this time, Whitehall realised which a autonomy of India as well as Indonesia had given procedure to Malaya to giveaway itself from a leg irons of colonial rule. This end could no longer be contained as well as earlier or later Malaya had to be given a independence.
Independence upon a china platter
The British had learnt which autonomy achieved by war not usually resulted in a detriment of life as well as property, though left a grudge inside of a customer state, resulting in a nationalisation of a colonialists' assets. This meant a British could remove everything. So a usually choice was for a negotiated independence. The question afterwards was who would be a British protege so which their resources would be fully stable as well as a expatriates could hold upon to their jobs a little longer.
With PKMM criminialized as well as a leaders incarcerated, a usually organized transformation which dominated a domestic stage afterwards was UMNO, which was seen as a protected bet. Firstly, many of their leaders were British prepared as well as had embraced British enlightenment as well as valu! es ever since their high school days in Britain or during a Malay College Kuala Kangsar. Secondly, they were often a sons of a Malay rulers as well as chieftains who had been close to a British. These people had regarded a British as their icons as well as mentors as well as viewed them as their savoir.
UMNO, a opportunist
UMNO was quick to seize a opportunity. With a adversary, a PKMM criminialized as well as driven in to oblivion, UMNO took over where a PKMM had left off. From an anti-Malayan Union organi-sation, it unexpected assumed a purpose of a force fighting for independence. The British were really comfortable with UMNO's brand brand new role, as well as negotiations for autonomy took off.
The negotiations which followed were especially technical as well as focussed upon dual vital issues: to prepare a country's constitution as well as to agree upon a date of a stipulation of independence. A body was formed, headed by Lord Reid, to look in to a constitution as well as a date of autonomy was agreed as 31 Aug 1957. For domestic exigency, UMNO would have to forge an fondness with a ethnic Chinese as well as Indian domestic parties, as well as hence "Perikatan" (Alliance) was formed.
Pending full independence, Malaya was ruled by a Federal Legislative Council consisting of allocated members representing a various races as well as professions. With autonomy granted upon a china platter, a British were successful in retaining a entire complement as well as had their resources protected. For UMNO as well as a Alliance, a stipulation of autonomy was a triumphant impulse as it was achieved but shedding a dump of blood.
Declaration of independence
On 31 Aug 1957, Malaya was re-reborn. As a time struck midnight, a Union Jack was lowered as well as a brand brand new Malayan flag was hoisted in front of a time tower opposite a Selangor Padang. The shouts of "Merdeka!" no re! duction than 7 times reverberated as well as resounded in a air. The shouts were led by Tuanku Abdul Rahman, who stood upon a soap-box surrounded by his Cabinet Ministers, a little of whom, I observed, were patently drunk.
The central stipulation of autonomy was hold during Stadium Merdeka a next morning, attended by all a Malay Rulers, a British High Commissioner as well as a part of of a Queen (Duke of Gloucester). I was there with my father as well as kin "representing" Temerloh, Pahang.
Thus, Malaya was innate as an eccentric state, a part of of a British Commonwealth as well as part of of a United Nations. It was a culmination of a prolonged as well as difficult struggle, an achievement won not by a prepared class, though by labourers, pier workers as well as others a downtrodden whose life you frequency knew.
They were a genuine fighters of Merdeka, whose actions combined a landscape for independence. Those were a people who laboured endlessly to heighten a colonial masters in return for a pittance as well as who right away lay in a graves unknown as well as forgotten.
They were Malays, Indians, Chinese as well as others as well as they were positively not UMNO members. They were a unsung heroes who sacrificed their lives as well as leisure for future generations, though who usually found their own leisure in a silence of their graves. It is those people who deserve to be commemorated upon 31 Aug each year as well as not "the patriots" who hoisted a jalur gemilang upon a roofs of mansions during a prestigious addresses of Kuala Lumpur or those who flew a jalur gemilang upon a roofs of their adorned cars.
To a genuine patriots as well as a fighters of independence, you offer them our unreserved salute. As for UMNO, you usually have this to say: "Lembu punya susu, sapi dapat nama."
-harakahdaily
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