The Age of Romanticism, Enlightenment and Reason


So, as you said, it is not only about electoral reforms as well as about choosing by casting votes in a new government. It is not only about choosing by casting votes in a corrupt-free (or obtuse corrupt) government. It contingency additionally be about domestic reforms. And Malaysian ruling body sucks. We shall only be exchanging a single control-freak supervision for an additional control-freak government, despite a less depraved one.
NO HOLDS BARRED
Raja Petra Kamarudin
Dear RPK,
You have make use of of a term 'political reform' as well as assume which everyone understands what it means. Well, I, honest to goodness, don't assimilate what you mean by a word 'political reform'. Maybe a definition is viewable to you, though as an engineer, a word 'political reform' is not partial of my daily vocabulary. you suspect awaiting a layperson to assimilate a definition of 'political reform' is similar to awaiting a non-engineer to know what a definition of, say, a 'pressure relieving device'.
you did read throughThe People's VoiceandThe People's Declarationyou attached, though nowhere in those documents does it insist what is meant by 'political reform'. So may be you should insist a definition of a word so that, you know, we'll assimilate what a hell you're trying to say.(A comment by 'Petman')
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The Age of Romanticism
Romanticism is an international inventive as well as philosophical transformation which redefined a elemental ways in which people in Western cultures suspicion about themselves as well as about their world.
The Romantic Movement was distinguished in Eng! land as well as Germany. The early Romantic duration to illustrate coincides with what is often called 'The Age of Revolutions'-- including a American (1776) as well as a French (1789) revolutions -- an age of upheavals in political, economic, as well as amicable traditions, a age which witnessed a initial transformations of a Industrial Revolution.
The Romantic Movement influenced not only literature, though all of a arts -- from song to painting as well as from cut with a chisel to architecture. (1)
The Enlightenment as well as The Age of Reason in Philosophy
Western Europe's ceremony of reason, reflected only vaguely in art as well as literature, was precisely voiced in a set of pensive ideas well known collectively as a Enlightenment. It was not creatively a renouned movement. Catching upon initial among scientists, philosophers, as well as a little theologians, it was then taken up by literary figures who widespread a message among a center classes. Ultimately, it reached a common people in simplified terms associated with renouned grievances.
The many elemental concept of a Enlightenment were conviction in nature as well as belief in tellurian progress. Nature was seen as a complex of interacting laws ruling a universe. The individual tellurian being, as partial of which system, was written to action rationally. If giveaway to exercise their reason, people were naturally good as well as would action to serve a complacency of others.
Accordingly, both tellurian goodness as well as complacency required freedom from needless restraints, such as many of those imposed by a state or a church. The Enlightenment's formidable hostility towards organised sacrament as well as dynamic kingdom reflected a disdain for a past as well as an desire to foster utopian remodel schemes. Most of a thinkers believed sexually in tellurian swell by education. They suspicion society would turn undiluted if people were giveaway to hav! e make u se of of their reason.
Voltaire personified a questioning toward traditional sacrament as well as a injustices of a Old Regimes. His caustic pen brought him dual imprisonments in a Bastille as well as even banishment to England for 3 years. On returning to France, Voltaire a single after an additional to hold up toleration as well as actively crusaded opposite a church. He turned out hundreds of histories, plays, pamphlets, essays, as well as novels as well as an estimated association of 10,000 letters.
The most appropriate well known of all a philosophers was Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Although believing in a general objectives of a Enlightenment, Rousseau distrusted reason as well as science. He gloried in tellurian impulse as well as intuition, trusting emotions rsther than than thought, a heart rsther than than a mind. He additionally avowed indebtedness for 'noble savages', who lived completely giveaway of law, courts, priests, as well as officials. In his numerous writings, he spoke as a rebel opposite all dynamic institutions. The many famous of these works,The Social Contract(1762), was Rousseau's complaint of absolute monarchy. It began with a stirring manifesto: "Man is innate free, though today he is everywhere in chains."
Immanuel Kant, a contemplative professor of truth during a German University of Konigsberg, was thoroughly aroused by a distrustful as well as materialistic extremes of a Enlightenment. While appreciating scholarship as well as dedicated to reason, he dynamic to shift truth behind to a more sensible in front of but giving up most of a newly discovered 'rational' basis. His ideas, contained primarily in theCritique of Pure Reason(1781), ushered in a new age of pensive idealism. (2)
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Well, 'Petman', Mr Engineer, you certitude a excerpts above helps you, to a sure extent, assimilate what is required when y! ou talk about domestic reforms. If you need to read more then greatfully go to a links below.
you suspect you have been starting to contend which my 'explanation' has created even more confusion to your engineering mind. That would probably be utterly true since a subject of domestic reforms is a difficult subject as well as not simply addressed in 4 or five pages. Nevertheless, concede me to attempt to summarise a emanate in a briefest possible manner.
Different thinkers as well as philosophers see a emanate of domestic reforms by opposite lenses. you have mentioned only a few names above nonetheless it is not confined to only these few. Basically, you have been talking about a revolution of a mind. We need to mangle out of what you would cruise 'the dynamic norms'. We need to 'think out of a box', so to speak. We need to mangle from tradition. We cannot keep you do a same thing as well as expect a opposite result.
The supervision needs to only govern. Laws have been passed by Parliament, a lawmakers. Then a supervision machine implements as well as enforces these laws. And which is where a role of supervision ends. The supervision contingency not dictate how you think. We contingency be giveaway to cruise a way you wish to cruise as well as lead a hold up you wish to live. The supervision contingency not decide how you live a lives.
As what Voltaire pronounced in 'The Social Contract', "Man is innate free, though today he is everywhere in chains." Basically, male creates his own prison. We incarcerate ourselves.
Government, in sold a Malaysian government, is about control. Religion is additionally about control. Thus, in Malaysia, you have dual groups which have been trying to carry out us -- a supervision as well as religion. And this is what Malaysian ruling body is all about, carry out by a supervision as well as religious control, in sold in counts concerning Islam.
Hence, sacrament is heavily embedded in Malaysian politics! , as it used to be in a west 200-300 years ago. And Malaysia is 'one up' upon a west. We have competition as a third component in Malaysian politics. Thus you have a supervision which tells us it knows most appropriate what is good for us as well as everything which you contend as well as do contingency take sacrament as well as competition into consideration.
A fourth component in Malaysian ruling body is a Monarchy, as it was in a west 200-300 years ago. We still have laws which have it a crime to verbalise out opposite a Monarchy, or what a Malaysia supervision would cruise as 'inciting hatred opposite a Monarchy'.
So you finish up with a control-freak complement of supervision with race, sacrament as well as a Monarchy as factors which establish what you can as well as cannot contend as well as do. And if you conflict any a single of these you will finish up in jail. (Remember a 3 Rs, race, sacrament as well as Raja-raja, a stuff which Perkasa is done of?)
The supervision decides what you can as well as cannot read. Books have been banned. School textbooks have been rewritten as well as only a central supervision chronicle is allowed. We cannot read books upon Atheism or Communism. We have been not authorised to turn a Communist or Atheist. We will get arrested, especially Muslims.
We cannot have a 'civil partnership', especially Muslims. We cannot have a happy marriage. We cannot contend which sacrament is a myth. We cannot generate a finish of a Monarchy as well as a creation of a Republic of Malaysia. We cannot insist which a competition of a children be entered as 'Malaysian' upon their bieing born certificates. The 'race' contingency be noted.
So there have been only so many things which you cannot say, do, read, believe in, etc. The supervision decides everything. We need a supervision which will get out of a lives as well as leave us alone. Run a country. Enforce a laws. Maintain a assent as well as fortitude of a country. Then leav! e a rest to us.
Many contend you need to kick Umno out, definition additionally Barisan Nasional. Hence, to do that, you need to opinion in Pakatan Rakyat. But is Pakatan Rakyat starting to be any opposite from Barisan Nasional?
Sure, you contend which Barisan Nasional is highly corrupted. Pakatan Rakyat is not so bad. The turn of crime in Pakatan Rakyat is very low. But which is seeking during things from only a single angle, corruption. Is which all there is to using a country, a corrupt-free government?
Would you be happy with a corrupt-free supervision if nothing else changes? Politics is still competition as well as religion-based. You have been still not giveaway to select a lifestyle which you want. You have been still not giveaway to believe what you want, whether it is religious doctrine (like apropos an Atheist) or domestic doctrine (like apropos a Communist). The supervision still decides, whether Barisan Nasional or Pakatan Rakyat.
Hence you need to know, before you vote, what type of supervision you have been starting to get. Okay, you will be getting a corrupt-free supervision (or obtuse hurtful government) if you opinion in Pakatan Rakyat. But is which enough? Is which all you want?
What is Pakatan Rakyat's in front of upon all a alternative issues? Once you opinion in Pakatan Rakyat as well as a rampant as well as blatant crime ends, what then? Will gays be giveaway to get married? Can Muslims modify to Christianity? Can you revitalise a Communist Party of Malaysia? Can you write articles in await of a Republic of Malaysia? Can you write books debunking religion? Can a functions of Karl Marx, Mao Zedong, etc., be partial of a propagandize syllabus? Will Malaysia uphold a Secular complement of government? Can Islam be removed as a sacrament of a Federation as well as can a Constitution sojourn wordless upon a make a difference of religion? Will it still be imperative for a CEOs of a Federation as well as a States to be Malays-Mu! slims?
So, as you said, it is not only about electoral reforms as well as about choosing by casting votes in a new government. It is not only about choosing by casting votes in a corrupt-free (or obtuse corrupt) government. It contingency additionally be about domestic reforms. And Malaysian ruling body sucks. We shall only be exchanging a single control-freak supervision for an additional control-freak government, despite a less depraved one.
We need to be free. Currently you have been not giveaway even if you shift a domestic party in power. And Pakatan Rakyat has not promised us any changes alternative than obtuse corruption. Reducing or expelling crime is only a initial step. It is only a beginning. But currently you have been treating which as if this is a finish game.
That should not be a finish game. So Pakatan Rakyat needs to discuss it us what a finish diversion is starting to be. At a moment which is not transparent as well as even Anwar Ibrahim, a 'Prime Minister-in-waiting', does not brave discuss it us.
FOOTNOTES
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