Nurul Izzah, who adopts a modernist Kaum Muda mindset, not prolonged ago found herself a target of a Kaum Tua madness over her 'freedom of religion' criticism done during a brand new open forum.
COMMENT
By AB Sulaiman The box of Nurul Izzah Anwar, a PKR clamp president, origination a matter which there is no constraint in sacrament as good as which this should request not only to non-Malays though to Malays as good is right away autocratic a open domain.
Thanks to Utusan Malaysia as good as a Internet, a speed during which Nurul's matter spread was staggering. The very successive day, it appeared as a front-page headline in a Malay every day though with a twist: it was reported which she had been 'suggesting' Malays could commit apostasy; or display a approach to do so. (Apostasy is considered a greatest sin in Malay reckoning.)
To a Malay-Muslim, she has committed a grave corruption for which she contingency be taken to task.
you will try to identify what unequivocally is during issue by approach of asking a little pertinent as good as germane questions.
Cutting through a confusion
Cutting through a confusion
First question: Nurul quoted a Quranic edict which "there is no constraint in religion". Is she right? The answer is yes, she is, as in Surah 2.256.
Following question: Did she state which this edict should request to Malays as well? Her difference oral during a November 3 forum held during a Full Gospel Tabernacle church in Subang Jaya, according to a twin provided by Malaysiakini, were:
"How can any a single unequivocally say, 'sorry, this only relates to non-Malay! s.' It h as to request equally."
Her matter can be understood as definition which a Article 11 constitutional provision upon a leisure of sacrament contingency request for Malays as well. Since nowhere in a Quran does it mention a Malay ethnicity, you should logically infer which Nurul's acknowledgement was a criticism upon Malaysian law rather than upon Islamic jurisprudence.
Next: why afterwards did former PAS deputy president Nasharudin Mat Isa reportedly contend which a Surah was not germane to Malays? you do not wish to answer for him, though according to a reports it is since as a eremite scholar he feels competent to criticism upon such things whilst others have been not.
Sri Gading Member of Parliament Mohamad Aziz raised a Nurul issue in a House upon November 7 saying"
"Apa hukum dari segi syariat Islam atas kenyataan Ahli Parlimen Lembah Pantai yang menyatakan orang Melayu Islam bebas memilih agama yang diminati? Dalam erti kata lain, boleh keluar daripada agama Islam yakni murtad. Kenyataan ini seolah-olah meraikan orang Islam menjadi murtad."
Translated in to English, a MP had described Nurul's acknowledgement as some-more or reduction as a matter to applaud Malay acclimatisation since dissenting view will right away be permitted in in in in in in between Muslims.
You competence ask: Did she actually encourage dissenting view for Muslims? The answer is no.
Syariah protracted by civil laws
In her reply to Mohamad Aziz, Mashitah Ibrahim a Deputy Minister in a Prime Minister's Department in assign of Islamic affairs said which underneath a law, any a single found guilty of derisive or vilifying Islam could be sentenced to jail not exceeding two years, fined RM3,000 or both.
If wielded, this square of restricted legislation portends a brawl as good as scuffle pitting a reformist as good as on-going Malay-Muslim mind such as Nurul Izzah's upon a a sin! gle hand , as good as a approved as good as conservative mind represented by Mashitah, Nasharudin, Mohamad Aziz as good as a rest of them upon a other.
This brawl is usual sufficient in any sacrament as good as Islam is not spared. In Islam, this brawl stemmed from a scuffle in in in in in in between Revelation as good as Reason, which you shall excavate in to immediately.
For this discourse, you will refer to a scholarly work Crisis in a Muslim Mind by Dr Abdul Hamid Ahmad AbuSulayman who was a Rector of a International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). In his 1993 book, a author explained a attribute in in in in in in between Revelation as good as Reason.
Which takes precedence?
Which takes precedence?
Revelation in Islam decrees which all believe comes from God around His Revelations found in a Quran which is 'God's word'. Reason is Man's capability to rationalize by using his God-given intelligence as good as memory. Reason is God's approach of origination humankind assimilate Revelation.
As Revelation is 'stored' in a Quran, humankind contingency make use of his logic capability to belong to all of a edicts, manners as good as regulations inherent in this holy book. It is during this indicate which there appears a separate in understanding in in in in in in between a approved as good as a progressive.
To a orthodox, as a Quran is God's Words, a entire essence have been to be a idealisation Truth. The Quran has to be adhered to though any hesitation, doubt, scepticism.
To progressives a Quran competence in law be God's Words though humankind has been given intelligence by God. The Muslim can as good as should employ thought as good as rationality to everything, even to a Quran.
Bow as good as obey
An painting taken from Islamic story competence help you to assimilate a point. For this you will refer to a writing of Pervez Hoodbhoy's work, Islam as good as! Science (1992) from where you take a box of Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Ishaq al-Kindi or better well well well known as al-Kindi (801-873 CE) a philosopher, mathematician, as good as musician during a Caliphate of Al-Mutawwakil in Baghdad.
Al-Kindi forked out which Surah 55.5 of a Quran states which a sun, moon, stars, mountains, trees as good as beasts 'bow themselves' before God. For a unsophisticated, this invokes an idea wherein all origination literally bends in request a bowing tree, a bowing towering (for example) tortuous in prayer.
He had a little doubt over this tenure in a literal sense. After a prolonged mental search, al-Kindi interpreted which 'bow' could mean 'obey' a plateau as good as trees as good as all alternative creations obeyed God's Words though did not crawl in you do so.
A indicate to note is which al-Kindi lived during a duration when tellurian civilised universe was rudimentary as good as a preparation rate was low. The aristocratic category was almighty as good as feudalism was a norm. There was also an emergent clergy or ulama category of citizens, customarily aligned with a aristocracy. In a event, al-Kindi's in advance views had to be excusable to a rulers as good as a ulama class.
Apparently in this specific 'bowing' case, they did not agree as good as deemed his opinion a heresy.
The greeting was quick to his infidel as good as dangerous beliefs. The Caliph had al-Kindi flogged in open as good as confiscated his vital room a 'Al-Kindiyah'. The old reflective thinker fell in to depression as good as silence, as good as died a broken man.
Revelation had won over Reason. God's Words (and by extension a Syariah) have been an permanent set of manners which cannot be mutated according to a times.
Sure sufficient when a four Imams Maliki (d.795 CE), Hanafi (d.767 CE), Shafii (d.820 CE), as good as Hanbali (d. 855 CE) codified a Islamic jurisprudence which is practical right up to today, the! y were a ll underneath a change of Revelation over Reason.
"There were slight differences in weight they trustworthy to assorted Quranic verses as good as degree of effect they reserved to assorted Prophetic traditions", says Hoodbhoy. Nonetheless their philosophies were otherwise uniform: Revelation over Reason.
The orthodoxy as good as conservatism of Islam was after strengthened by a immensely influential Al-Ghazzali (d.1111 CE).
Islamic commentators claim which by a end of a 11th century, all vital problems of Islamic jurisprudence had been resolved in in in in in in between these Islamic schools. After that, all a doors for discourse or Ijtihad were slammed shut.
Bolting a Gates of Ijtihad
Let's pause a little over a points done in a final paragraph. Before a shutting of Ijtihad, a fire of guidance had burnt bright in Islamic civilisation. Scholars similar to al-Kindi, Ibn Sina, Omar Khayyam as good as most others were leading a well well well known universe in egghead growth as good as study. Modern day scholars as good as adherents of Islam will not miss a event to remind a non-Muslim universe of Muslim contributions to tellurian believe as good as science.
But after this glorious era, there was a ascendency of an ossified religiosity origination it harder for secular pursuits to exist. It appeared which a shutting of Ijtihad had also sealed a minds of a Islamic civilisation.
Partly since of this sealed mind, a Muslim civilised universe longed for out in a successive tellurian egghead developments: a thoughts of Copernicus, Galileo, as good as Newton as good as a prolonged list of shining names which had led to a blast of scholarship as good as scientific thinking; a growth of democracy, capitalism, a Industrial Revolution. It longed for out from a burgeoning economic, social, political, egghead as good as technological opportunities as good as advancements faced as good as undert! aken by a universal tellurian civilisation.
When Islam was brought in to this nation (circa 1403 CE), it was this approved as good as conservative chronicle which arrived. you have not come across of any record of any meaningful egghead growth from a Malay civilised universe from this date.
Kaum Tua, Kaum Muda
Kaum Tua, Kaum Muda
Malay egghead discourse began in a early 20th century, as shown by brand new Malay amicable history. During this time there appeared a scuffle in in in in in in between a Kaum Tua as good as Kaum Muda. Farish Noor has created a concise as good as fairly lawful comment of these factions underneath an essay patrician Pre-Net Reformists in Malaysiakini (22 March 2001).
According to Farish who is currently a comparison fellow during a Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, a Kaum Tua comprised mainly a traditional ruling chosen led by a royals as good as aristocrats of a Malay sultanates upon a peninsula whilst a Kaum Muda were a modernist reformist Malay as good as Peranakan intellectuals shaped in a some-more cosmopolitan centres upon a West coast.
Both groups were disturbed about a destiny growth of a nation as good as their common fate underneath British rule.
The stately families as good as aristocrats, Farish writes further, launched a series of initiatives which were aimed during protecting a interests of a internal communities against a onslaught of British domestic as good as economic hegemony. One such effort was a Majlis Agama Kelantan (Kelantan Religious Council) which was shaped in 1915. But a Majlis as good as most alternative bodies similar to it soon came underneath a care as good as clientele of Malay rulers who were some-more meddlesome in protecting a interests of a traditional ruling chosen than a Malay masses.
Another source quoted a brawl in in in in in in between Kaum Muda as good as Kaum Tua as centring upon a effect of Reason to verify eremite matters (or Ijt! ihad) ve rsus those who blindly followed a teachings of early scholars (or Taqlid), see Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 7 (special issue of 'Diversity of Knowledge upon Middle East': 07-13, 2011 IDOSI Publications, 2011).
The advocators of taqlid, Kaum Tua, deserted a make use of of reason in sacrament as they claimed which a practice conflicted with a Quran. The task of genuine amicable reform as good as domestic organization thus devolved instead to a brand new generation of Malay reformers as good as modernists who came to be well well well known as Kaum Muda, writes Farish Noor.
Kaum Muda had this modernist opposition towards blind imitation (taqlid) as good as their emphasis was upon a dire need to make use of Reason. To them, instead of simply usurpation a difference as good as opinions of a eremite scholars, Man is compulsory to have make use of of Reason to heed in in in in in in between a valid as good as invalid opinions, or to reinterpret them.
Those arguments have been strikingly familiar as good as from this you can safely deduce which they refer to a scuffle of Revelation over Reason in a Malay amicable context.
In which pre-Internet era, a Kaum Muda was perplexing to pass out a brand new mental sequence around newspapers, journals as good as magazines. One distinguished personality, Syed Sheikh al-Hadi who hailed from Penang went over to Singapore as good as Malacca to open madrasahs or eremite schools anticipating to spread on-going Islam.
The win goes to Kaum Tua
From what you can gather, a inter-generational scuffle was 'won' by a approved Kaum Tua, replicating a win by a clergy over al-Kindi in a early years of Islam as referred to earlier.
What could have caused this loss by a Kaum Muda? Again you would attribute it to a amicable environment surrounding a Malay community during a material time or to borrow Farish's label, a 'pre-Net' period.
! During w hich era, a nation was underneath colonial British rule as good as a rural Malays were an agrarian society. Coupled with this were a low preparation turn as good as a good change of informal preparation which centred religion, Malay customs as good as internal traditions.
you remember Malay schools training students just a rudiments of celebration of a mass as good as writing, basic arithmetic as good as a little story as good as geography. There was this vivid absence of imparting to a students a capability to consider as good as intellectualise an attempt which requires a capability to demeanour for alternatives in a poke for truth. There was no training them to be critical, innovative, creative, as good as imaginative.
Without these abilities they had very little genius to accept change.
Post-Net as good as info-have era
Post-Net as good as info-have era
All this brings us behind to a benefaction 'post-Net' also well well well known as a 'info-have' era. What do you have as good as where have been you today?
We have an eccentric Malaysia, a higher turn of formal preparation as good as literacy, knowledge, a capability to analyse as good as an open mind which can roam far as good as wide. We have economic progress as good as a outrageous center class.
We have been vital in a 'info-have' epoch of a second decade of a 21st century.
We have a intensity as good as event to give Reason dominance over Revelation. We have a event to join a Reason-based post-modern universal tellurian civilisation. And within this context, you feel which in addition to Nurul's answer to a question being spot-on, she is also a true hold up of a on-going Kaum Muda of today.
Her Kaum Tua detractors appeared unsound in clear as good as eccentric thinking. Utusan Malaysia had to make use of a energy of idea to smear a truth. Nasharudin had to add his own prejudice to corner Nurul by claiming which Surah 2.256 was not meant for Mala! ys. Mash itah had to admit which Malaysian legislation taboo missionaries to proselytize alternative religions to Muslims though a law unsuccessful to cover Nurul's situation.
In their 'Revelationist' unrestrained (or blindness) to 'protect' Islam, they had all been intellectually dishonest.
Nurul Izzah seems to me to be a victim of a sort of criticism leveled by a Kaum Tua genius which overtly as good as habitually champions Revelation over Reason in any eremite dispute.
Capitalising upon a approved as good as conservative Kaum Tua mindset, it is no warn which her domestic enemies seem to be seizing a event to dampen as good as destroy her earnest domestic career.
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